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I came across an estimate for hosting charges saying it is equal to hosting charges of Wikipedia for 2005.
$0.00087 per visit
Knol has made provision for business pages. Business, Industry and Shopping categories are specified on Knol to provide the space for business pages. In its term of service also, it was clearly specified, knols can be created to promote commercial interests, products and services. Number of companies, consultants, and firms have created business pages on Knol.
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Narayana Rao - 17 Nov 2011http://knol.google.com/k/-/-/2utb2lsm2k7a/5961
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While “Murdochgate” rolls on, the question of what it means for Australia has inevitably been attracting considerable attention.
In this discussion, News Ltd itself has played a leading role. For those with an interest in the Australian media, watching the developing local response to the crisis has been fascinating.
In its wake, CEO John Hartigan publicly stated his confidence no comparable wrongdoing had taken place in Australia, whilst committing to a review of all editorial expenditure over the last three years.
This can be criticised, of course, given that the failure of such internal enquiry has become massively apparent in the UK. Yet there is no reason to believe this inquiry will be a sham – particularly given the potential risks this might bring.
Rather, Hartigan’s response represented a pre-emptive strike in the inevitable debate about whether and how to regulate the Australian press. He sought to demonstrate both that News Ltd can be trusted and that self-regulation works. Notably, his letter also praised the current Press Council, expressing support for stronger ethical codes, guidelines and complaint handling. “Look”, he tells us, “the system works, and we’ll make it work better still”.
The next day, Bob Brown called for a public inquiry into media regulation, noting that while “TV and radio broadcasting requires a licence, there is no licensing or independent oversight of major newspapers”. This generated a more aggressive response, particularly in The Australian.
The weekend edition carried the (on-message) headlines “News of the World Scandal Wouldn’t Happen Here” and “Press Council on the case of casual attitude to ethics”. On Monday, this was followed by “News Licences Just Fine for Stalin’s Russia”. Again praising the Press Council, this article argued that “the last thing that should come out of this awful business is a de facto licensing system for newspapers”. Similarly, the government’s proposed privacy laws have been represented as a potential threat to “freedom of the press”.
In this debate, concepts of “free speech”, “independence” and “freedom of the press” have quickly surfaced and been used as synonyms. However, there are dangers in such conflation.
Here, a consideration of the UK case is instructive. There, the Press Complaints Commission, the British counterpart to the Press Council, will almost certainly be a casualty of the hacking scandal, having dismissed reports that phone hacking was far more widespread than News International claimed. David Cameron publicly stated that “the way the press is regulated today is not working”, that the PCC had “failed” and is “ineffective and lacking in rigour”.
These sentiments echo the long-standing criticisms of the Campaign for Press and Broadcasting Freedom, an organisation notably concerned to promote freedom for journalists, which they see as threatened by self-regulation. They have been particularly critical of the PCC, arguing that its shortcomings stem from its lack of independence from the newspaper industry, and inadequate mechanisms for enforcing high standards.
Notably, many of the criticisms levelled at the PCC also apply to the Australian Press Council. As an industry-funded body whose remit includes defending freedom of the press, it has been seen as compromised. Where upheld, adjudications about press reporting come long after the initial wrong, and usually have far less prominence. Beyond this, the Press Council has no power to fine or use other means to effectively discipline newspapers in cases of ethical breaches.
Arguments against more effective press regulation can also appear dubious. In The Conversation, Malcolm Turnbull argues that the reason broadcasters are licensed while newspapers aren’t is because they are using public spectrum. He claims that licensing newspapers would also mean the necessity of licensing websites, which would suppress free speech.
This is misleading. Broadcast regulation partially developed out of technological necessity, but was also strongly informed by concerns regarding the potential influence of broadcast media. Unlike the press, it also developed at a time when far more widespread concerns about the power of mass media had become prevalent.
While not all of these were warranted, the suggestion regulation is unnecessary because the press are less influential is questionable. In Australia, the press remain the pre-eminent medium that sets the political agenda. While emergent web-based media are important, their significance pales in comparison. In a country where News Ltd controls 70% of newspapers, the issue of media power remains a significant concern, as illustrated by the current campaign against carbon pricing being conducted by some outlets.
Suggesting licensing equates to governmental manipulation is as suspect as claims it must be “one size fits all”. Are Australian broadcasters outlets really state mouthpieces? Australia’s most trusted journalism outlet, the ABC, is also its most regulated (though governmental attempts to discipline the ABC also highlight the need for media outside the public sector). Yet there may also be other models of regulation worth exploring, such as this recent contribution from the UK blogosphere.
Against suggestions it couldn’t happen in Australia some, such as Natalie Fenton, have argued that the UK hacking scandal was a direct result of the pressures brought upon commercial media by the rise of global competition and declining newspaper profits, from which Australia is hardly immune. We shouldn’t wait for a parallel crisis before considering more effective regulation.
The problem that remains, for both journalists and the public, was well captured by A J Liebling: Freedom of the press is guaranteed only to those who own one.
Ensuring free speech and democratic journalism, nevertheless, remains a more important goal. While I have little confidence that, beyond privacy regulation, we are likely to see substantial change in Australia, we should have a more serious conversation.
Source Url: http://theconversation.edu.au/the-danger-of-equating-freedom-of-speech-with-freedom-of-the-press-2444
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The price of gold reached a record high of $US1607.01 an ounce on Tuesday as investors turn to the precious metal amid uncertain global economic conditions.
University of Western Australian Professor of Accounting and Finance Richard Heaney explains this trend.
There are a number of factors. The key one that you read about in the newspapers is the flight to safety. People tend to invest in precious metals because they are concerned about uncertainty.
Certainly the present price levels, which are pushing up around US$1600 per ounce, surprised me. The gold prices are very high and they’ve stayed up around US$1500 for some time.
To a large extent these prices just reflect the general feeling of unease in the world economy.
I do not think the US political problems in addressing their deficit is helping things. I think that is of deep concern to most people in the world.
If the US fails to reach some sort of political resolution then, at the very least, there is going to be a very severe shock to the US economy if Federal Government employees are not paid.
If the situation gets worse and the US Government does the unthinkable, and defaults on their debt, then there will be some fairly powerful shocks that will adversely affect the world economy.
I doubt that is going to happen, in fact it’s highly unlikely, but people will factor this possibility into their assessment gold prices. A very small probability of a huge event like US debt default will have an impact on the price of commodities like gold.
My best guess is that the jump in price to around US$1600 is being driven by gold trader expectations associated with a very unlikely event of the failure of the US Government to reach agreement on increasing its debt ceiling.
It’s a rare metal, and it has been held by governments and individuals for investment purposes for quite a long time. There is a certain level of gold production each year, and this gold is either used in the production of goods or stored.
People find value in putting their wealth into gold during times of uncertainty. It has been suggested that the majority of gold that has been mined is presently stored and so it is clear that gold is used as a store of wealth.
For example, Germany just after World War I went through a period of very high inflation. The country’s paper money was basically worthless.
Yet, Germany’s gold reserve maintained value in terms of its ability to be used to pay for goods and services that the Government required.
It depends on where you are as to whether you can actually buy gold, but Australian investors can buy gold and sell gold.
Once purchased it is possible to store the gold with a bank where it is looked after in a secure manner until you want to sell it. It’s not the sort of thing you would generally store at home as gold can be easily stolen and is often difficult to trace once stolen.
Storage costs are important. When prices are either stable or falling, the storage costs associated with gold holdings tend to exacerbate the poor return earned from holding the metal during these periods.
There is a fundamental difference between gold and oil. Oil is rarely used as a store of wealth. It is generally extracted, processed and sold for consumption.
The only exception to this is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve that is presently held in the US. This is a very large store of oil held in the US to hedge against times of restricted supply.
People are buying gold because they’re concerned with what’s happening in the world and so they are relying on gold as a store of wealth. Global demand for oil is falling in line with falling consumer demand around the world, resulting in falling oil prices.
Silver and gold tend to track each other as they both provide a store of wealth. While both silver and gold are used in electrical circuits and in jewellery their use as a store of wealth has considerable impact on their price. People often invest in precious metals as a store of wealth during periods of uncertainty. You could hold paper money, you could place a deposit with a bank, or you could buy gold, or some other precious metal as a store of wealth. The nice thing about gold is that its supply is limited and its price is a little more stable than some of the alternative investments available at present.
Source Url: http://theconversation.edu.au/explainer-why-gold-is-still-precious-for-investors-2419
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Narayana Rao - 16 Nov 2011